@article {246,
	title = {Stromally derived lysyl oxidase promotes metastasis of transforming growth factor-β-deficient mouse mammary carcinomas.},
	journal = {Cancer Res},
	volume = {73},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013 Sep 1},
	pages = {5336-46},
	abstract = {<p>The tumor stromal environment can dictate many aspects of tumor progression. A complete understanding of factors driving stromal activation and their role in tumor metastasis is critical to furthering research with the goal of therapeutic intervention. Polyoma middle T-induced mammary carcinomas lacking the type II TGF-β receptor (PyMT(mgko)) are highly metastatic compared with control PyMT-induced carcinomas (PyMT(fl/fl)). We hypothesized that the PyMT(mgko)-activated stroma interacts with carcinoma cells to promote invasion and metastasis. We show that the extracellular matrix associated with PyMT(mgko) tumors is stiffer and has more fibrillar collagen and increased expression of the collagen crosslinking enzyme lysyl oxidase (LOX) compared with PyMT(fl/fl) mammary carcinomas. Inhibition of LOX activity in PyMT(mgko) mice had no effect on tumor latency and size, but significantly decreased tumor metastasis through inhibition of tumor cell intravasation. This phenotype was associated with a decrease in keratin 14-positive myoepithelial cells in PyMT(mgko) tumors following LOX inhibition as well as a decrease in focal adhesion formation. Interestingly, the primary source of LOX was found to be activated fibroblasts. LOX expression in these fibroblasts can be driven by myeloid cell-derived TGF-β, which is significantly linked to human breast cancer. Overall, stromal expansion in PyMT(mgko) tumors is likely caused through the modulation of immune cell infiltrates to promote fibroblast activation. This feeds back to the epithelium to promote metastasis by modulating phenotypic characteristics of basal cells. Our data indicate that epithelial induction of microenvironmental changes can play a significant role in tumorigenesis and attenuating these changes can inhibit metastasis. Cancer Res; 73(17); 5336-46. \&copy;2013 AACR.</p>
},
	keywords = {Animals, Carcinogenesis, Collagen, Enzyme Inhibitors, Female, Fibroblasts, Focal Adhesion Kinase 1, Humans, In Situ Hybridization, Keratin-14, Lung Neoplasms, Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental, Mice, Mice, Transgenic, Microscopy, Atomic Force, Myeloid Cells, Phosphorylation, Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Signal Transduction, Stromal Cells, Transforming Growth Factor beta},
	issn = {1538-7445},
	doi = {10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-0012},
	author = {Pickup, Michael W and Laklai, Hanane and Acerbi, Irene and Owens, Philip and Gorska, Agnieszka E and Chytil, Anna and Aakre, Mary and Weaver, Valerie M and Moses, Harold L}
}
@article {371,
	title = {Filamin A-beta1 integrin complex tunes epithelial cell response to matrix tension.},
	journal = {Mol Biol Cell},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009 Jul},
	pages = {3224-38},
	abstract = {<p>The physical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulate the behavior of several cell types; yet, mechanisms by which cells recognize and respond to changes in these properties are not clear. For example, breast epithelial cells undergo ductal morphogenesis only when cultured in a compliant collagen matrix, but not when the tension of the matrix is increased by loading collagen gels or by increasing collagen density. We report that the actin-binding protein filamin A (FLNa) is necessary for cells to contract collagen gels, and pull on collagen fibrils, which leads to collagen remodeling and morphogenesis in compliant, low-density gels. In stiffer, high-density gels, cells are not able to contract and remodel the matrix, and morphogenesis does not occur. However, increased FLNa-beta1 integrin interactions rescue gel contraction and remodeling in high-density gels, resulting in branching morphogenesis. These results suggest morphogenesis can be \&quot;tuned\&quot; by the balance between cell-generated contractility and opposing matrix stiffness. Our findings support a role for FLNa-beta1 integrin as a mechanosensitive complex that bidirectionally senses the tension of the matrix and, in turn, regulates cellular contractility and response to this matrix tension.</p>
},
	keywords = {Animals, Antigens, CD29, Biomechanical Phenomena, Cell Line, Tumor, Collagen, Contractile Proteins, Epithelial Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Filamins, Gels, Humans, Mice, Microfilament Proteins, Morphogenesis, Myosin Light Chains, Phosphorylation, Protein Binding},
	issn = {1939-4586},
	doi = {10.1091/mbc.E08-12-1186},
	author = {Gehler, Scott and Baldassarre, Massimiliano and Lad, Yatish and Leight, Jennifer L and Wozniak, Michele A and Riching, Kristin M and Eliceiri, Kevin W and Weaver, Valerie M and Calderwood, David A and Keely, Patricia J}
}
