@article {671,
	title = {The cancer glycocalyx mechanically primes integrin-mediated growth and survival.},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {511},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Jul 17},
	pages = {319-25},
	abstract = {<p>Malignancy is associated with altered expression of glycans and glycoproteins that contribute to the cellular glycocalyx. We constructed a glycoprotein expression signature, which revealed that metastatic tumours upregulate expression of bulky glycoproteins. A computational model predicted that these glycoproteins would influence transmembrane receptor spatial organization and function. We tested this prediction by investigating whether bulky glycoproteins in the glycocalyx promote a tumour phenotype in human cells by increasing integrin adhesion and signalling. Our data revealed that a bulky glycocalyx facilitates integrin clustering by funnelling active integrins into adhesions and altering integrin state by applying tension to matrix-bound integrins, independent of actomyosin contractility. Expression of large tumour-associated glycoproteins in non-transformed mammary cells promoted focal adhesion assembly and facilitated integrin-dependent growth factor signalling to support cell growth and survival. Clinical studies revealed that large glycoproteins are abundantly expressed on circulating tumour cells from patients with advanced disease. Thus, a bulky glycocalyx is a feature of tumour cells that could foster metastasis by mechanically enhancing cell-surface receptor function.</p>
},
	keywords = {Animals, Breast, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation, Cell Survival, Fibroblasts, Glycocalyx, Glycoproteins, Humans, Immobilized Proteins, Integrins, Mice, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Mucin-1, Neoplasm Metastasis, Neoplasms, Neoplastic Cells, Circulating, Protein Binding, Receptors, Cell Surface},
	issn = {1476-4687},
	doi = {10.1038/nature13535},
	author = {Paszek, Matthew J and DuFort, Christopher C and Rossier, Olivier and Bainer, Russell and Mouw, Janna K and Godula, Kamil and Hudak, Jason E and Lakins, Jonathon N and Wijekoon, Amanda C and Cassereau, Luke and Rubashkin, Matthew G and Magbanua, Mark J and Thorn, Kurt S and Davidson, Michael W and Rugo, Hope S and Park, John W and Hammer, Daniel A and Giannone, Gr{\'e}gory and Bertozzi, Carolyn R and Weaver, Valerie M}
}
@article {241,
	title = {Rapid disorganization of mechanically interacting systems of mammary acini.},
	journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
	volume = {111},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Jan 14},
	pages = {658-63},
	abstract = {<p>Cells and multicellular structures can mechanically align and concentrate fibers in their ECM environment and can sense and respond to mechanical cues by differentiating, branching, or disorganizing. Here we show that mammary acini with compromised structural integrity can interconnect by forming long collagen lines. These collagen lines then coordinate and accelerate transition to an invasive phenotype. Interacting acini begin to disorganize within 12.5 \&plusmn; 4.7 h in a spatially coordinated manner, whereas acini that do not interact mechanically with other acini disorganize more slowly (in 21.8 \&plusmn; 4.1 h) and to a lesser extent (P \&lt; 0.0001). When the directed mechanical connections between acini were cut with a laser, the acini reverted to a slowly disorganizing phenotype. When acini were fully mechanically isolated from other acini and also from the bulk gel by box-cuts with a side length \&lt;900 μm, transition to an invasive phenotype was blocked in 20 of 20 experiments, regardless of waiting time. Thus, pairs or groups of mammary acini can interact mechanically over long distances through the collagen matrix, and these directed mechanical interactions facilitate transition to an invasive phenotype.</p>
},
	keywords = {Acinar Cells, Breast Neoplasms, Cell Communication, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Separation, Collagen, Escherichia coli, Female, Humans, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Mammary Glands, Human, Microscopy, Atomic Force, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Microscopy, Fluorescence},
	issn = {1091-6490},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1311312110},
	author = {Shi, Quanming and Ghosh, Rajarshi P and Engelke, Hanna and Rycroft, Chris H and Cassereau, Luke and Sethian, James A and Weaver, Valerie M and Liphardt, Jan T}
}
