@article {406,
	title = {Integrin-mediated signalling through the MAP-kinase pathway.},
	journal = {IET Syst Biol},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008 Jan},
	pages = {8-15},
	abstract = {<p>The mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade, leading to extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, is a key regulator of cell growth and proliferation. The effects of ERK are mediated by differences in ERK signalling dynamics, including magnitude and duration. In vivo, ERK signalling is stimulated by both growth factors and adhesion signals. A model for adhesion-mediated ERK activation is presented. Outputs of the model such as ERK and FAK activation, as well as responses to different ligand densities, are compared with published experimental data. The model then serves as a basis for understanding how adhesion may contribute to ERK signalling through changes in the dynamics of focal adhesion kinase activation. The main parameters influencing ERK are determined through screening analyses and parameter variation. With these parameters, key points in the pathway that give rise to changes in downstream signalling dynamics are identified. In particular, oncogenic Raf and Ras promote cell growth by increasing the magnitude and duration, respectively, of ERK activity.</p>
},
	keywords = {Animals, Humans, Integrins, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Models, Biological, ras Proteins},
	issn = {1751-8849},
	doi = {10.1049/iet-syb:20060058},
	author = {Yee, K L and Weaver, V M and Hammer, D A}
}
@article {516,
	title = {Autocrine laminin-5 ligates alpha6beta4 integrin and activates RAC and NFkappaB to mediate anchorage-independent survival of mammary tumors.},
	journal = {J Cell Biol},
	volume = {163},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003 Dec 22},
	pages = {1397-407},
	abstract = {<p>Invasive carcinomas survive and evade apoptosis despite the absence of an exogenous basement membrane. How epithelial tumors acquire anchorage independence for survival remains poorly defined. Epithelial tumors often secrete abundant amounts of the extracellular matrix protein laminin 5 (LM-5) and frequently express alpha6beta4 integrin. Here, we show that autocrine LM-5 mediates anchorage-independent survival in breast tumors through ligation of a wild-type, but not a cytoplasmic tail-truncated alpha6beta4 integrin. alpha6beta4 integrin does not mediate tumor survival through activation of ERK or AKT. Instead, the cytoplasmic tail of beta4 integrin is necessary for basal and epidermal growth factor-induced RAC activity, and RAC mediates tumor survival. Indeed, a constitutively active RAC sustains the viability of mammary tumors lacking functional beta1 and beta4 integrin through activation of NFkappaB, and overexpression of NFkappaB p65 mediates anchorage-independent survival of nonmalignant mammary epithelial cells. Therefore, epithelial tumors could survive in the absence of exogenous basement membrane through autocrine LM-5-alpha6beta4 integrin-RAC-NFkappaB signaling.</p>
},
	keywords = {Autocrine Communication, Basement Membrane, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Cell Adhesion, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Survival, Epidermal Growth Factor, Humans, Integrin alpha6beta4, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Neoplasm Invasiveness, NF-kappa B, Protein Structure, Tertiary, rac GTP-Binding Proteins},
	issn = {0021-9525},
	doi = {10.1083/jcb.200302023},
	author = {Zahir, Nastaran and Lakins, Johnathon N and Russell, Alan and Ming, WenYu and Chatterjee, Chandrima and Rozenberg, Gabriela I and Marinkovich, M Peter and Weaver, Valerie M}
}
